A quick guide to installing IRIX, by Robin H. Johnson =============================================================================== Introduction: ------------- I wrote this quick guide to installing for those interested in upgrading the PROM on SGI O2's. The instructions are reasonably generic, and should work for other machines if you s/IP32/IP27/, and read carefully. YOU MUST READ ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS TWICE BEFORE STARTING! Please note that the Toshiba drive in some O2 is very picky about burnt CDRs. It has something to do with dye changes. =============================================================================== 0. What to download: -------------------- NNNN = irix version string (eg '6.5.23') DDDD = date release (eg 'feburary-2004') Required for miniroot: NNNN/irix-NNNN-overlay-1of3+installtools.iso Required for IRIX install (plus the above): foundation/irix-foundation-1.iso foundation/irix-foundation-2.iso foundation/irix-development-foundation.iso foundation/irix-development-libraries.iso NNNN/irix-NNNN-overlay-2of3.iso NNNN/irix-NNNN-overlay-3of3.iso Recommended (plus the above): NNNN/irix-NNNN-applications-DDDD.iso NNNN/irix-NNNN-complementary-applications-DDDD.iso Optional (plus the above): foundation/irix-onc3-nfs.iso foundation/irix-snmp.iso foundation/irix-base-documentation.iso =============================================================================== 1. Burning ---------- Burn the all of your ISOs using: cdrecord CUSTOM -raw96r FILENAME.iso where 'CUSTOM' contains your dev=.... and other options. The -raw96r is required to write these ISOs correctly, due to their nature. =============================================================================== 2. Initial Boot --------------- Hit 5 in the choice menu to get to the PROM console. =============================================================================== 3. Checking the CD ------------------ At the PROM console: ls dksc(0,4,8) output:
> ls dksc(0,4,8)
dksc(0,4,8):
sgilabel  mr  sash64  sashARCS
Now you know your CD is good. The exact device number may be slightly different, depending on your hardware configuration. The format is: dksc(BUS,DEVICE,PARTITION) Partition 8 is used by the DVH boot loader, and the rest of the system is on Partition 7. Your hard drive will usually be (bus0,device2). Your CDROM location will vary depending on the system (It may even be on a different bus). =============================================================================== 4. Second stage loader ---------------------- At the PROM console: boot -f dksc(0,4,8)/sashARCS Sample output:
> boot -f dksc(0,4,8)/sashARCS
136944+22896+3248+341792+49584d+4620+6880 entry: 0x8ffa5e50
Standalone Shell SGI Version 6.5 ARCS   Jan  7, 2004 (32 Bit)
sash:
Now you are in the second stage loader (it can read EFS/XFS partitions). On some older machines (pre-ARC), you may have to boot /sash64 instead. =============================================================================== 5. Hardware test routines (optional, but recommended) ----------------------------------------------------- At the PROM console: boot -f dksc(0,4,7)/stand/ide.IP32 Sample output:
sash: boot -f dksc(0,4,7)/stand/ide.IP32 --help
565248+176128+1725304 entry: 0xa00e9a10
SGI Version 6.5 IP32 IDE field  Jan  7, 2004

                   System: IP32
                Processor: 300 Mhz R12000, with FPU
     Primary I-cache size: 32 Kbytes
     Primary D-cache size: 32 Kbytes
     Secondary cache size: 1024 Kbytes
              Memory size: 384 Mbytes
                 Graphics: CRM, Rev C
                  Network: DP83840-1
                  PCI Bus: MACE-PCI (0)
                SCSI Disk: scsi(0)disk(2)
               SCSI CDROM: scsi(0)cdrom(4)

Ide included scripts are
ip32  cpu graphics fast_mem memory

 STARTING FAST MEMORY TESTS
January 13 1996, 21:35:33 GMT
start Address/Data test, pattern=55
You can leave it for at least 2 hours to complete everything, does the quick testing, or press ctrl-c and run specific tests. ('quit' when you are done, and repeat stage 4) =============================================================================== 6. Partitioning --------------- This is needed for mini-root, but only if the partitions don't already exist. At the PROM console: boot -f dksc(0,4,7)/stand/fx.ARCS --x Sample Output:
sash: boot -f dksc(0,4,7)/stand/fx.ARCS --x
95040+26448+7168+2805248+50056d+5908+8928 entry: 0x8fccea40
SGI Version 6.5 ARCS BE  Jan  7, 2004
fx: "device-name" = (dksc)

Press enter to accept device 'dksc'
enter controller 0, drive 2

output:
fx: ctlr# = (0)
fx: drive# = (1) 2
...opening dksc(0,2,0)
...drive selftest...OK
Scsi drive type == SGI     IBM DDRS-39130W S95D

----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[exi]t             [d]ebug/           [l]abel/           [a]uto
[b]adblock/        [exe]rcise/        [r]epartition/
fx>
Before we partition the drive, We can optionally test out the hard drive. Be aware that this will wipe the drive. Enter '/exe' to choose Exercise. Use 'c' for complete a complete test. It will prompt for 'yes'/'no'. Now the tests should run. When you've had enough of them, hit CTRL-C, and then 'e' for the error log. Now that we are done testing, we can continue. Assuming you are only using 1 drive for now, enter 'r' to repartition. Sample Output:
----- partitions-----
part  type        blocks            Megabytes   (base+size)
  0: xfs     1310720 + 16470800     640 + 8042
  1: raw      262144 + 1048576      128 + 512
  8: volhdr        0 + 262144         0 + 128
 10: volume        0 + 17781520       0 + 8682

capacity is 17781520 blocks

----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive           [o]ptiondrive         [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive        [re]size
fx/repartition> 
We want to repartition the root drive, so enter 'ro'. Sample Output:
fx/repartition> ro

fx/repartition/rootdrive: type of data partition = (xfs)
Warning: you will need to re-install all software and restore user data
from backups after changing the partition layout.  Changing partitions
will cause all data on the drive to be lost.  Be sure you have the drive
backed up if it contains any user data.  Continue? yes

----- partitions-----
part  type        blocks            Megabytes   (base+size)
  0: xfs      266240 + 17515280     130 + 8552
  1: raw        4096 + 262144         2 + 128
  8: volhdr        0 + 4096           0 + 2
 10: volume        0 + 17781520       0 + 8682

capacity is 17781520 blocks

----- please choose one (? for help, .. to quit this menu)-----
[ro]otdrive           [o]ptiondrive         [e]xpert
[u]srrootdrive        [re]size
fx>
Enter '/' to go back to the main menu now lets shortcut things, enter '/l/sy' and it will write the new partitions to disk. Now we quit, '/exi' =============================================================================== 7. PROM configuration reset --------------------------- It will reboot, go into command monitor again. We need to wipe the existing configuration, so copy down stuff if you want it! (or 'setenv console d', 'init' to get a serial console [9600 8N1]). Use 'resetenv' to clear the settings. Then set them to what you want. I use: setenv console d setenv AutoLoad no Run 'init' (it will reboot). Resetting the PROM is required if the configuration has be tweaked to not allow any CDROM booting. =============================================================================== 8. Mini-root Install -------------------- At the boot menu, choose 'Install System Software' Select 'Local CD-ROM' [3], and hit enter. It will install the mini-root onto the swap partition, and boot into it. Sample output:
                         Installing System Software...

                       Press  to return to the menu.



1) Remote Tape  2) Remote Directory  3)[Local CD-ROM]  X) Local Tape
      *a) Local SCSI CD-ROM drive 4

Enter 1-4 to select source type, a to select the source,  to quit,
or  to start:


Insert the installation CD-ROM, then press :

Copying installation program to disk.
......... 10% ......... 20% ......... 30% ......... 40% ......... 50%
......... 60% ......... 70% ......... 80% ......... 90% ......... 100%

Copy complete
IRIX Release 6.5 IP32 Version 01080747 System V
Copyright 1987-2004 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.

QLFC: running as interrupt thread.
QLFC: using spinlocks.
root on /hw/node/io/pci/1/scsi_ctlr/0/target/2/lun/0/disk/partition/1/block ; dumpdev on /dev/swap ; boot swap file on /dev/swap swplo 81000
Creating miniroot devices, please wait...

Current system date is Sat Jan 13 13:53:03 PST 1996

Mounting file systems:

/dev/dsk/realroot: Invalid argument
No valid file system found on: /dev/dsk/realroot
This is your system disk: without it we have nothing
on which to install software.


Make new file system on /dev/dsk/realroot [yes/no/sh/help]:
Now it wants us to make a new filesystem, enter 'yes' or 'no'. Use 'no' if you want to keep the existing drive contents. Enter 'y' for are you sure, and use a 512 byte block size for any drives less than 4GiB in size. my drive is 9GiB, so I use 4096 blocks.
This will destroy all data on disk partition: /dev/dsk/realroot.

        Are you sure? [y/n] (n): y

        Block size of filesystem 512 or 4096 bytes? 4096

Doing: mkfs -b size=4096 /dev/dsk/realroot
meta-data=/dev/rdsk/realroot     isize=256    agcount=9, agsize=262144 blks
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2189410, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks, unwritten=1
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   mixed-case=Y
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=1200
realtime =none                   extsz=65536  blocks=0, rtextents=0

Trying again to mount /dev/dsk/realroot on /root.

UX:make: INFO: `scsi' is up to date.
NOTICE: XVM mirrors enabled
NOTICE: XVM snapshot enabled
xvminit complete
    /dev/miniroot            on  /
    /dev/dsk/realroot        on  /root


Invoking software installation.

Default distribution to install from: /CDROM/dist

For help on inst commands, type "help overview".


Inst 4.1 Main Menu

 1. from [source ...]            Specify location of software to be installed
 2. open [source ...]            Specify additional software locations
 3. close [source ...]           Close a software distribution location
 4. list [keywords] [names]      Display information about software subsystems
 5. go                           Perform software installation and removal now
 6. install [keywords] [names]   Select subsystems to be installed
 7. remove [keywords] [names]    Select subsystems to be removed
 8. keep [keywords] [names]      Do not install or remove these subsystems
 9. step [keywords] [names]      Interactive mode for install/remove/keep
10. conflicts [choice ...]       List or resolve installation conflicts
11. help [topic]                 Get help in general or on a specific word
12. view ...                     Go to the View Commands Menu
13. admin ...                    Go to the Administrative Commands Menu
14. quit                         Terminate software installation

Inst>
Now we are in the installation system (you can install IRIX from here). However we don't want to install IRIX most of the time, we just want to upgrade our PROM. So enter 'sh' inside inst to get a shell. =============================================================================== 9. PROM upgrade (IP32 only) --------------------------- (Note: I can't recall if I installed IRIX before doing this) Now you are in the IRIX shell, be very careful, it's picky (you may not have backspace even). First check the PROM version: /root/sbin/flashinst -v If it's old (see the SGI documentation!) update it: /root/sbin/flashinst -T -y -q /root/usr/cpu/firmware/ip32prom.image (IMPORTANT) Configure it. setenv rebound n setenv AutoLoad no Now reboot. =============================================================================== 10. Other things ---------------- You can type 'exit' to go back into inst and do an install of IRIX now, or do anything else you want. If you didn't format the drive again, it should be accessible at /root. You could reset the password in /root/etc/passwd for example. =============================================================================== Disclaimer ---------- I'm not responsible if you fuck up your system. Use these instructions entirely at your own risk. ===============================================================================